Cask Of The Amontillado, By Edgar Allan Poe - 1373 Words

In Edgar Allan Poe’s short story Cask of the Amontillado, the main character Fortunato undergoes being buried alive, essentially, in the wine cellar in his own estate. The person responsible for this death is a man named Montresor. The theme in this tale is that of revenge. Montresor, the main antagonist and murderer, claims his vengeance is justified and that while he is committing a crime he is doing so justifiably. Raymond Struckhart of Berlin University, in Germany also concurs my position; by also claiming Montresor is to blame. The argument in this paper is that Montresor is not only delusional to his claims of justification, but also that his crime of killing Fortunato is not justified; and that in fact it is out right murder. Therefore to reiterate the thesis of this paper is, the killing of Fortunato by the hands of Montresor, despite his claims of justification, is just an excuse for murder and not justified by any means. The paper examines the work of Raymond Stuckh art, Elizabeth Dowager, and Barbara Cane as proof to my claims. The paper begins by identifying what â€Å"injury† Fortunato enacted upon Montresor and its justifiability. Next the paper examines the correlation between pure revenge and Montresor s warped sense of morality and justice. With this in mind, one can deduce the guilty nature of Montresor and lack of justification. Keywords: murder, justification, revenge Justifiable Revenge: An excuse for what is plain murder. In the short story, CaskShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with MontressorRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe906 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was written in 1846, by Edgar Allan Poe. Born in 1809, Poe never knew any of his parents. At the age of three, his mother died of tuberculosis, and his father deserted the family before he was born. Taking care of him was his foster parents in Richmond, Virginia. They loved Poe, but were not supportive of his decisions and kept Poe poor. Having debt and not being able to provide food and clothes for himself caused Poe to quit school. Later, heRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe920 Words   |  4 Pageswhen that trust no longer exists? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, Fortunato is about to find the answer to this question. On the surface, Montresor seems friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. Could this hatred have an irrationality that only Montresor understands? In different ways, both of these men are proud and affluent, yet both have downfalls that will l ead to a tragic ending. Edgar Allan Poe’s use of language contributes to the understandingRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1555 Words   |  7 PagesIn his writing, Edgar Allan Poe has multiple uses of direct and indirect characterization. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor had rules such as â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe, 2). Poe used indirect characterization to show the reader that Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he justified hisRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1303 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the narrator recalls an extremely significant time in his life, and takes the reader along with him. Throughout the story, one experiences a perfectly planned murder which took place over fifty years ago, and still no one has discovered what truly happened to poor Fortunato as he was chained to a wall in a room that was then closed off, and torched to death due to all the nitre in the walls. As the story goes on, the reader can see some of Poe’s unfortunateRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, The Cask of Amontillado, written by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of terror and betrayal. Like many of Poe’s literary works, the story has a dark undertone with a theme of terror and depression. More than half a century ago, Marshall McLuhan argued that though Poe was fascinated by evil, the evil that he had in mind was not that of Calvinism, but that of the split man and the split civilization. In general, McLuhan was right, but in this instance Calvinism, and its God, provided a darkRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story of The Ca sk of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolismRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe985 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is a well known author of short stories and poetry from the 19th century. He is known especially for his stories of horror and suspense. The Cask of Amontillado is one of his more famous pieces. The story follows the narrator, Montresor, as he exacts revenge on Fortunato. Montressor draws Fortunato into the wine cellar where eventually he chains Fortunato to the wall and encloses him inside it. Throughout the story the narrator continually proves that he is not the most reliable source

Cultural Analysis of Saudi Arabia and New Zealand free essay sample

In terms of cultural dimensions, basically, culture elements are everywhere in our life no matter where are you from. Also, the uniqueness and differentiation of culture in diversified countries are influencing and fulfilling our large communication community—world, people involved in this harmonious place communicate, share ideas, cooperated and integrated every cultural diversity so as to make it better. â€Å"A culture is a society’s personality and our membership in a culture plays a big role in shaping our identities as individuals† (Solomon, Russell-Bennett. 010). The accumulation of shared meanings, languages, rituals, norms and customs, also a range of traditions among the world enriches the cultural diversity. The increasing communication of global events and businesses provides an opportunity for the people who from different regions to learn, understand, embrace and respect every distinct culture element, so that to enhance cultural adaptability in business communication, therefore ensuring cooperation succeed. The following parts would be demonstrating Saudi Arabia and New Zealand two different cultures in terms of four dimensions: Individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity. All this four dimensions could be explicitly displayed upon customs, language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and even aesthetics. * Individualism Individualism focuses on the degree the society reinforces individual or collective, achievement and interpersonal relationships. A High Individualism ranking indicates that individuality and individual rights are paramount within the society. New Zealand. A Low Individualism ranking typifies societies of a more collectivist nature with close ties between individuals. These cultures reinforce extended families and collectives where everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group-Saudi Arabia (Hofstede, 2012). When it comes to Saudi Arabia culture, the apparent opinion is a really diversified culture that formed by a range of rules, regulations and principles. However, â€Å"As is seen in their naming conventions, Saudis are cognizant of their heritage, their clan, and their extended family, as well as their nuclear family. Also, they take their responsibilities to their family quite seriously. Families tend to be large and the extended family is quite close† (kwintessential, 2004). The emphases on the family and member group make it to be a high Collectivist culture, according to the Geert Hofstede Analysis for Saudi Arabia on individualism, which ranked at 38, compared to a world average ranking of 64 (see appendix2), it means that Saudi Arabia contribute to highly commitment on family and groups community. New Zealand, with a score of 79 ((see appendix1) on this dimension, is an individualistic culture. This translates into a loosely-knit society in which the expectation is that people look after themselves and their immediate families. In the business world, employees are expected to be self-reliant and display initiative. Also, within the exchange-based world of work, hiring and promotion decisions are based on merit or evidence of what one has done or can do. (Hofstede, 2012). Individualism is highly manifested in New Zealand culture, individually, as the wealth and social status are not crucial for them, personal achievement is more important for them, as they believe everyone has the same opportunity to compete. For a range of young people, even the direct family is also important to them, but independent character makes them to persuade individual opportunity to enhance capacity, not only dependent on family. * Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance Power Distance focuses on the degree of equality, or inequality, between people in the countrys society. A High Power Distance ranking indicates that inequalities of power and wealth have been allowed to grow within the society. These societies are more likely to follow a caste system that does not allow significant upward mobility of its citizens. -Saudi Arabia. A Low Power Distance ranking indicates the society de-emphasizes the differences between citizens power and wealth. In these societies equality and opportunity for everyone is stressed-New Zealand (Hofstede, 2012). Uncertainty Avoidance focuses on the level of tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity within the society, such as unstructured situations. A High Uncertainty Avoidance ranking indicates the country has a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. This creates a rule-oriented society that institutes laws, rules, regulations, and controls in order to reduce the amount of uncertainty-Saudi Arabia. A Low Uncertainty Avoidance ranking indicates the country has less concern about ambiguity and uncertainty and has more tolerance for a variety of opinions. This is reflected in a society that is less rule-oriented, more readily accepts change, and takes more and greater risks-New Zealand. According to the Geert Hofstede analysis for Saudi Arabia, which showed Large Power Distance (PDI) (95) and Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) (80) (see appendix2), demonstrated that their Muslim faith plays a large role in the people’s lives. Large power distance and uncertainty avoidance are the predominant characteristics for this region. Such high result of power distance and uncertainty avoidance can be explained a range of aspects. First of all, in terms of the religion, plays a vital role in the everyday life, ranging from setting moral guidelines, arranging social hierarchies, and a way for salvation after death. Religion also plays a major role in the executive area of government, deeply integrated in the laws of the country. Even the five stated daily pray times could display the strict of religion rules. There are a large number of principles or rules, regulations for Saudis in their daily behaviours, in order to stick to the religion principles. For instance, during the holy month of Ramadan all Muslims must fast from dawn to dusk and are only permitted to work six hours per day. Fasting includes no eating, drinking, cigarette smoking, or gum chewing. So many restrictions like forbidding alcohol, not pork eaten and even women are not allowed to drive indicate that Saudi Arabia is a so strongly based in Muslim religion, also such strict rules, laws, policies, and regulations are adopted and implemented is aiming at controlling everything in order to eliminate or avoid the unexpected. In terms of this two analysis, New Zealand scored 22 and 49 (see appendix1) respectively on Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance. The low power distance shows that New Zealand even has hierarchy operating system, which the Queen is in the pinnacle of power distance, however, the shared ideas and opinions in different parties make it more democratic. In small power distance organizations, â€Å"Subordinates and superiors consider each other as or less equal even there is a difference in education level. The hierarchical system can always change depending on the circumstances. The hierarchies are flat with a decentralized organization and a small number of supervisors who are expected to be accessible for their subordinates† (International Business Cultures, 2010). Even in a family structure, or a small group activity, New Zealanders present a high integrated, direct and participative communication without any formal class structure. Although, there is another different Maori culture in New Zealand, which has own language, rituals, customs, etiquette, the power distance in terms of kiwi and Maori is till low. Maori and English are used throughout the country in various television and radio programs. As with other regions in the world where two cultures have been mixed, English has influenced Maori and Maori has influenced English. Not only the language is greatly impacted mutually, but also the politics and economic, culture. The Uncertainty Avoidance score is 49 (see appendix1), which is practical in different aspects. It shows New Zealanders believe both generalists and experts are needed. Emotions are not shown much in New Zealand; people are fairly relaxed and not adverse to taking risks. Consequently, there is a larger degree of acceptance for new ideas, innovative products and a willingness to try something new or different, whether it pertains to technology, business practices, or foodstuffs. (Hofstede, 2012). * Masculinity Masculinity focuses on the degree the society reinforces, or does not reinforce, the traditional masculine work role model of male achievement, control, and power. A High Masculinity ranking indicates the country experiences a high degree of gender differentiation. In these cultures, males dominate a significant portion of the society and power structure, with females being controlled by male dominationSaudi Arabia. A Low Masculinity ranking indicates the country has a low level of differentiation and discrimination between genders. In these cultures, females are treated equally to males in all aspects of the society-New Zealand (Hofstede, 2012). In Saudi Arabia, there is a range of restrictions and regulations for women, such as Women are expected to be very feminine, and obey male authority. They are expected to grow up, and become wives/mothers. Besides, It is unacceptable in most social circles for women to voice their opinions about many things or question their male guardian’s authority. Furthermore, the labor is assigned by gender; strict gender segregation is sanctioned by the state and society, for instance, â€Å"Women are employed in girls schools and the womens sections of universities, social work and development programs for women, banks that cater to female clients, medicine and nursing for women, television and radio programming, and computer and library work†( Countries and Their Cultures, 2010). New Zealand has a low masculinity ranking, they understood their obligation to the people who worked to establish and maintain the society. In 1893, this British Commonwealth gave women the right to vote, which means Femininity has equal status in diversified organisations. In terms of a company structure, basically the Femininity authority means the organization cares more about employees and even corporate social responsibility rather than profits. Summary The cultural dimensions comparison between Saudi Arabia and New Zealand attempts to develop a tool to measure the different countries’ society structure and development model in terms of individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity. The comparison shows that Saudi Arabia religion element exert an enormous impact on not only social aspects, but also human rights in gender. Moreover, it present a short cut for international marketers to realize understanding a country cultural uniqueness is good for mutual cooperation, and is able to decrease the unpredictable mistake or conflicts possibility. Furthermore, the cultural dimensions analysis presents a snapshot of country structure and social ecology in terms of diversified customs, etiquette and values. The cultural elements is not only exerting impacts on dwelling’s behavior, but also influence countries’ development. Advertising recommendations Doing advertising for exporting lamb from Australia to Saudi Arabia is an inevitable but at risk assignment. Saudi Arabia as a crucial lamb exporting market for Australia, the burgeoning economy and long history of lamb consumption motivate Australia to adjust market strategy to looking for niche markets for lamb products. In terms of the Saudi Arabia population, which growing at the rate of 3. 8% per annum, the demand of importing lamb would increasing. It is an great opportunity for Australia to make huge progress on exporting lamb to Saudi Arabia if the advertisement could be thoroughly demonstrated in terms of the Saudi Arabia culture dimensions. The biggest problem facing Australia exporters of lamb is that religious beliefs require a revamp of the production process to accord with cultural preferences. First of all, the advertising content should comply with the local religious belief and display the qualification of product. Since Islam has a major impact on the preference for lamb in the market, they regarded a range of western countries such as Australia not qualified in normal slaughterhouse techniques. Therefore, it is such crucial to make sure the techniques in slaughterhouse could meet the stipulations. The equipment for slaughtering and also technique certification should be presented in the advertising to get the trust from Saudi Arabia. Secondly, a thorough understanding of Saudi Arabia religious beliefs and culture customs is particularly essential for developing an outstanding advertising in the market. For instance, the reason why Japanese company able to made such successful achievement in Saudi Arabia market is based on their qualified advertising. They did a range of researching on Islam custom and rituals, knowing that the comparison advertising is not welcomed by the local consumers, therefore, they never come up with the similar advertisements. In the contrary, a major tea company alienated Saudi customers after it aired a commercial that showed a Saudi host serving tea with his left hand to one of his guests. Moreover, the guest was shown wearing shoes while seated, which is considered disrespectful by traditional Saudis. Thirdly, advertising content should be simplified but concentrated. In order to establish a long term brand and image-building, advertising content should be able to get the trust from Saudi Arabia customers, as the religious word-of-mouth effects, the high quality lamb product would be accepted by consumers in a long term. In addition, cooperating with local large media agency to come up with effective advertising based on religious customs could be more easily access to target audience.

Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager Essay Example Essay Example

Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager Essay Example Paper Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager Essay Introduction Discussion on: Every Line Manager is an HR Manager Introduction â€Å"Slowly but surely, line managers are taking over the HR front line. Gone are the days when the first port of call for any people management query was the HR department. † – Lucy McGee (Personnel Today) This is partly because HR as a function has transformed over the past decade. Administration is often outsourced, legislation has become more complex, European Union regulations have to be understood and adhered to, compensation is now many-sided, and selection and development have become more sophisticated. HR is both more specialist and more strategic than ever. At the same time, the managers’ role has evolved as leadership skills have been recognised as being important for a high-performing workforce. ‘People management’ no longer means filling a form at the yearly appraisal and a few friendly chats in the staff canteen. Spotting talent, motivating, coaching, giving feedback, and developing staff, are all constant, day-to-day activities. With HR departments focused on the bigger picture issues, and line managers actually managing the line, it’s vital these two functions understand each other. Thus the purpose of this paper is to examine the changing role and responsibilities of line manager, as well as possible implications of greater line manager involvement in HRD. Source: www. personneltoday. com The role of front line managers Front line managers are managers who are responsible for an employee or work group to a higher level of management. They are normally in the lower layers of the management hierarchy and the employees who report to them do not themselves have any managerial or supervisory responsibility (Hutchinson Purcell 2003). Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager Essay Body Paragraphs The people and performance research carried out by a team at Bath University found that front line managers played a pivotal role in terms of implementing and enacting HR policies and practices. They found that where employees feels positive about their relationship with their front line managers they are more likely to have higher levels of job satisfaction, commitment and loyalty which are associated with higher levels of performance or discretionary behaviour. Discretionary behaviour is defined as that which goes beyond the requirements of the job to give that extra performance which can boost the bottom line. Line managers also play the strongest part in structuring people’s actual experience of doing a job (Hutchinson Purcell 2003). The areas where front line managers make a significant difference to people management practices include: †¢ performance appraisal †¢ training, coaching and guidance †¢ employee engagement (involvement and communication) †¢ openness – how easy is it for employees to discuss matters with their front line manager †¢ work-life balance †¢ recognition – the extent to which employees feel their contribution is recognised. These are all areas where, although the process may be designed by HR, it cannot be delivered by HR. The front line manager role is crucial in a number of respects: †¢ in enabling the HR policies and practices, or bringing them to life †¢ in acting upon advice or guidance from HR †¢ in controlling the work flow by directing and guiding the work of others. However, line managers often have conflicting priorities and role overload. All managers need time to carry out their people management activities. The Bath research found that front line managers exercise a strong influence over the level of discretion that an individual has over how they do their job. Some managers can permit and encourage people to be responsible for their own jobs whereas others can stifle initiative through controlling or autocratic behaviour. To encourage the kind of discretionary behaviour from employees associated with higher performance, front line managers need to: †¢ build a good working relationship with their staff. They need to lead, listen, ask, communicate, be fair, respond to suggestions and deal with problems †¢ help and support employees to take more responsibility for how they do their jobs by coaching and guidance †¢ build effective teams. Many of the qualities and skills which are associated with higher quality front line management are around the behaviours of front line managers. It is not enough to educate front line managers in the behaviours required; organisations must also ensure they are developing the environment and culture in which front line managers are actively encouraged and permitted to exhibit the behaviours above. The Bath research found that organisations which had a strong shared culture with guiding pri nciples for behaviour which were embedded into practice over time were more successful. To be good ambassadors of people management, line managers need, above all, self-confidence and a strong sense of their own security in the organisation. This, in turn, requires strong support and the appropriate training and development for those newly appointed in a line management role. Source: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development – UK Implications of greater line manager involvement in HRD The perception prevails that a number of benefits exist in using line managers as developers of people (Gibbs, 2003). The following key arguments for devolution of HRD to line managers are provided by different scholars: allowing HRD decisions to be tailored to the real needs and circumstances at the operational level; improving employee relationships and the work environment; enabling more effective decision making because of the shorter lines of communication, and others. The main advan tages presented in the scientific literature are summarized and discussed below. Firstly, a line manager’s role is critical in creating and stimulating the appropriate work environment supportive for learning (Macneil, 2001). It requires the promotion of positive attitudes towards continuous learning, since learning is not something that happens only during formal classroom training activities, but it is an integral facet of everyday working life. A line manager is expected to encourage the individual or team to take responsibility for how they will manage their own learning processes. It should happen through the provision of various opportunities for learning, for instance organizing meetings between employees with similar experience, creating mentor and job rotation systems, coaching, and others. Secondly, the research confirms that usually line managers lack knowledge and competence in human resource management (Macneil, 2001). Therefore, greater line managers’ inv olvement in HRD activities may lead to a development and transformation of the managers themselves and they would become more competent in managing people. This can also positively contribute to broader organizational change. Thirdly, line managers can help to improve the quality of HRD interventions by closing the gap between organizational performance and individual performance (Macneil, 2001). Line managers, rather than HRD specialists, are very familiar with the business context and both organizational and individual learning needs; therefore they should be able to address the most pressing learning needs. They are closer to the daily operations and customers. This gives line managers unique knowledge concerning organizational realities and needs, which can inform their understanding of the important issues and possible knowledge gaps. Without a systematic training needs analysis linked to the performance appraisal process it is unlikely that HRD will make a meaningful strategic contribution to enhancing organizational effectiveness. Identifying training needs arising from strategic goals, new technology and changes in the work process and linking it with performance appraisal process then becomes critical at the operational level for which a line manager is responsible. Despite the arguments provided above, recent research has shown that delegating HRD responsibility carries a number of challenges and risks and line management involvement in HRD work is not without complications (Reddington, Williamson and Withers 2005). It has been confirmed that workloads of line managers may marginalize their efforts in developing employees and they may not be able to pay sufficient attention to employee development. Performance criteria and reward systems are more likely to consider business results, than a longer term people development role. The responsibility for HRD is not very often included among line manager’s performance objectives. Also, it might be di fficult for line managers to play two opposing roles of assessor and coach. Moreover, line managers are not specialists in HRD and may lack confidence, knowledge and organizational support to assume the responsibility for HRD. Senior managers must be highly supportive in HRD role of line managers and an incentive system should be developed to motivate them. Furthermore, acting as a HRD facilitator demands a coaching management style, as opposed to a directive management style. Lack of coaching skills and insufficient line management motivation for this role is reinforced by findings that the least popular HRD delivery mechanisms include coaching and mentoring. This may be due to the large commitment of time and resources needed, yet these methods have consistently been emphasized as critical contribution to SHRD (Garavan, 1995). It is important to emphasize here that the devolvement of HRD activities to the line does not mean that traditional HRD function should vanish or be abolish ed. It is about increasing the role of line managers in HRD, but not about taking over the HRD function from the specialists. There is little reason to believe that line managers can be better developers than specialists’ trained in HRD (Gibbs, 2003). The role of HRD specialists is also changing. HRD specialists are liberated from routine administration and can focus on strategic and change management issues. They should be recognized as HRD advisors instead of merely HRD providers. This calls for a partnership between line management and HRD specialists. HRD specialists should be able to offer regular support to line managers helping them to analyze performance problems, assess learning needs, develop individual learning plans and develop their own coaching skills (Garavan, 1999). Conclusion The consensus of the above discussion indicates that all line managers are indeed HR managers and it is critical that they hone there HR skills in order to be effective enough to get the best out of his or her subordinates. However it is also important to keep in mind that a balance should be maintained between these HRD responsibilities and the other day to day responsibilities of a line manager. References Personneltoday – =http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/2008/03/07/44780/hr-and-line-managers-speaking-line-managers-language.html data-wpel-link=external rel=nofollow>http://www. personneltoday. com/articles/2008/03/07/44780/hr-and-line-managers-speaking-line-managers-language. html We will write a custom essay sample on Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Every Line Manager Is an Hr Manager Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

How to Manage and ID Southern Waxmyrtle

How to Manage and ID Southern Waxmyrtle Southern waxmyrtle has multiple, twisted trunks with smooth, light gray bark. Wax myrtle is aromatic with olive green leaves and clusters of grey-blue, waxy berries on female plants which attract wildlife. Waxmyrtle is a popular landscape plant, ideal for use as a small tree if the lower limbs are removed to display its form. Waxmyrtle can stand impossible soil conditions, is rapid-growing and a striking evergreen. Without pruning, it will grow as wide as it is tall, usually 10 to 20. Specifics Scientific name: Myrica ceriferaPronunciation: MEER-ih-kuh ser-IF-er-uhCommon name(s): Southern Waxmyrtle, Southern BayberryFamily: MyricaceaeOrigin: native to North AmericaUSDA hardiness zones: 7b through 11Origin: native to North AmericaUses: Bonsai; container or above-ground planter; hedge; large parking lot islands Cultivars The cultivar Pumila is a dwarf form, less than three feet high. Myrica pensylvanica, Northern Bayberry, is a more cold-hardy species and the source of wax for bayberry candles. Propagation is by seeds, which germinate easily and rapidly, tip cuttings, division of the stolons or transplanting wild plants. Pruning Waxmyrtle is a very forgiving tree when pruned. Dr. Michael Dirr says in his book  Trees and Shrubs  that the tree withstands the endless pruning required to keep it in check. Wax myrtle will need pruning to keep it specimen beautiful. Removing excess shoot growth two times each year eliminates the tall, lanky branches and reduces the tendency for branches to droop. Some landscape managers hedge the crown into a multi-stemmed, dome-shaped topiary. Description Height: 15 to 25 feetSpread: 20 to 25 feetCrown uniformity: Irregular outline or silhouetteCrown shape: Round; vase shapeCrown density: ModerateGrowth rate: Fast Trunk and Branches Trunk/bark/branches: Bark is thin and easily damaged from mechanical impact; limbs droop as the tree grows, and may require pruning; routinely grown with, or trainable to be grown with, multiple trunks; showy trunkPruning requirement: Requires pruning to develop a strong structureBreakage: Susceptible to breakage either at the crotch due to poor collar formation, or the wood itself is weak and tends to breakCurrent year twig color: Brown; grayCurrent year twig thickness: Thin Foliage Leaf arrangement: AlternateLeaf type: SimpleLeaf margin: Entire; serrateLeaf shape: Oblong; oblanceolate; spatulateLeaf venation: PinnateLeaf type and persistence: Evergreen; fragrantLeaf blade length: 2 to 4 inchesLeaf color: GreenFall color: No fall color changeFall characteristic: Not showy Interesting Notes Waxmyrtle can be planted within 100 miles of the U.S. border, from Washington state to Southern New Jersey and south. It withstands endless pruning. Waxmyrtle fixes nitrogen in poor soils and transplants well from containers. Culture Light requirement: Tree grows in part shade/part sun; tree grows in the shade; tree grows in full sunSoil tolerances: Clay; loam; sand; acidic; alkaline; extended flooding; well-drainedDrought tolerance: ModerateAerosol salt tolerance: HighSoil salt tolerance: Moderate In Depth Southern Waxmyrtle is very tough and easily grown and can tolerate a variety of landscape settings from full sun to partial shade, wet swamplands or high, dry and alkaline areas. Growth is thin in total shade. It is also very salt-tolerant (soil and aerosol), making it suitable for seaside applications. It adapts well to parking lot and street tree planting, especially beneath power lines, but branches tend to droop toward the ground, possibly hindering the flow of vehicular traffic if not properly trained and pruned. Set them back from the road if used as a street tree so drooping branches will not hinder traffic. Removing excess shoot growth two times each year eliminates the tall, lanky branches and reduces the tendency for branches to droop. Some landscape managers hedge the crown into a multistemmed dome-shaped topiary. Plants spaced 10 feet apart, maintained in this manner, can create a nice canopy of shade for pedestrian traffic. Plants should be watered well until established and will then require no further care. The only drawback to the plant is its tendency to sprout from the roots. This can be a nuisance as they need to be removed several times each year to keep the tree looking sharp. However, in a naturalized garden this thick growth could be an advantage  since it would provide good nesting cover for wildlife. Only female trees produce fruit provided there is a male nearby, but seeds do not appear to become a weed problem in the landscape.

Legal Aspects of Health Administration Case Study

Legal Aspects of Health Administration - Case Study Example State and federal laws had been amended in order to protect young teenagers from any attempt to violate their chastity by older men. Thus, modern laws have encompassed statutory rape as involving the sexual assault on girls aged 13 to 18 depending on state laws. In California, the statute provides that "it is illegal for any person to have consensual sex with any person who is under the age of 18" (California Penal Code Sec. 261.5). Thus, it is clear that the new age of consent is now 18 years. This is based on the assumption that girls below the age of 18 are not mature enough and thus are legally incapable of consenting to sexual intercourse. However peer sex or what they term as Romeo and Juliet Law, wherein minor couples engage in coitus or the sex act, is treated differently or is an exemption to the rule. Here, the male is penalized for the 'crime' of misdemeanor if the age gap between him and the 'victim' is not more than 3 years. If the age difference is more than 3 years, th e male could be charged for misdemeanor or felony ( California Penal Code 261.5(b). But the harshest penalty is reserved for culprits aged more than 21 years old. Other than the charge of misdemeanor or felony, the adult culprit has to face fines and civil penalties, which increase with the age gap between the minor and the culprit. The civil penalty may ... But the harshest penalty is reserved for culprits aged more than 21 years old. Other than the charge of misdemeanor or felony, the adult culprit has to face fines and civil penalties, which increase with the age gap between the minor and the culprit. The civilHealth Admin 3 penalty may reach $25,000 (US Department of Justice 2003, p.3) if the "perpetrator is over 21 years old and the minor is under 16" (Cal. Penal Code 261.5 (e)). And in such case, the Statute of Limitations is 3 years, meaning, the filing of a case in court must be done within 3 years from the knowledge of the statutory rape. It is also worthwhile to mention that in California, mistake of fact is allowed as a legal defense by the perpetrator. He may allege that he did the crime believing that his 'victim' is beyond the age of consent. A. 15 Year Old Sandra Anderson's Case In the case of Mrs. Anderson's daughter, Sandra, there is definitely statutory rape because Sandra is merely 15 years of age and statutory rape laws in California had set the age of consent at 18 years.Whether Sandra acceded to the lustful desires of her stepfather is of no moment because in statutory rape, the gravamen of the offense is the carnal knowledge of a girl below the age of minority. Whether Sandra consented to the sexual act is not an issue because statutory rape does not consider that kind of consent as voluntary i.e presuming Sandra consented. It further presumes that the offended party does not and cannot have a will of her own. The fact that it was Sandra's stepfather who

How can we explain Americas involvement in the Vietnam War. To what Essay

How can we explain Americas involvement in the Vietnam War. To what extent did America get it wrong, terribly wrong - Essay Example In the North, the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam first proclaimed in September 1945, which the French had fought to suppress; in the south, the Government of the Emperor Bao Dai, which the French had sponsored. Both governments were committed to achieve the unity of the country. In the south, the chief minister Ngo Dinh Diem, the strongest figure in the government faced lots of difficulties because the gangster called as Binth Xuyen controlled the country side which was a total failure in the field of agriculture, communication and defence.Ngo Dinh diem defeated both Binh Xuyen, Bao Dai and proclaimed himself as president of the Republic of Vietnam on 26th Oct 1955.President Diem was greatly helped by United States and it disapproved of the Geneva agreement as a partial victory for the communists and was determined that they should make no further advance. In the last critical months of the Indo- China war, it had developed the view that the situation in the whole South East Asia was in danger of slipping under the pressure of the Soviet Union and China, that if the South Vietnamese or any other friendly government was allowed to fall to the communists, the others might fall down one by one. In the months following the Geneva agreement, the Eisenhower Administration took the basic decision to assist the South Vietnamese Government economically and to help it to build up its forces for internal security. On 8 Sep 1954, it led Australia, Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines and Thailand in the signature of the South East Asia Collective Defense Treaty. The "free territory under the jurisdiction of the state of Vietnam" together with Cambodia and Laos were designed in a protocol as coming under the provisions of the Treaty The final Declaration of the Geneva Conference had affirmed the unity of Vietnam and had envisaged the holding of general elections in July 1956. However, the South Vietnam Government had protested against the proceedings at Geneva and then proved to have no intention of holding elections jointly with the North. The wartime destruction was greater in North than in the South. The authority of Dang Lao Dong and the president Ho Chi Minh like they made local Mines, factories and industries were nationalized; those measures resented the people which led to execution and "suicides" in November 1956. When the quarrel between the Soviet Union and China developed in the late 1950 the North Vietnam reduced its dependence on them it was seen in their share of foreign aid had fallen from 65.3 to 19 percent in 1962.From 1956 onwards discontent with the rule of President Diem grew in the South. His manner of ruling, arbitrary arrests, censorship, suppression of dissent, were resented.Some economic progress was made but that was confined to the towns. In the countryside, broken land reform was implemented but it was too little. The communists were able to make use of this discontent. By the end of 1960, the South Vietnamese Government was faced with full scale insurgency, with the Communists in control o f the Mekang delta, the coastal provinces north-east of Saigon, and the highlands in Central Vietnam. Over the next

Plessy Versus Ferguson

Plessy Versus Ferguson Cobe Hill Lynn Jenks Homer Adolph Plessy was a black man who had dealt with oppression his entire life. He was born in the late 1800s after all. That happened to be prime time for racism in America. Homer was the type of man that faced his problems and stared them down. This lead him to sitting in the All Whites car in the East Louisiana Railroad in 1892. This was a mistake in the eyes of the white people, so they decided that it was about time to kick this kid off. The security guards laid down a beating on him then kicked him off the train. They kept his name and information though, as they were going far enough to sue him in the pending future. This is exactly what he wanted to happen, as he was a part of a black civil rights organization that opposed the recently passed Separate Car Act. He wanted them to put him in the courts, to show he was ready to fight for his rights as a black man. This case began locally, and Homer fought his way through many courts leading up to the Supreme Court. The most important was that of the Louisiana Supreme Court. This court upheld the law and declared it constitutional according to their interpretations. This set Homer off, and he knew that there was only one court left for him to appeal to and gain the freedom he knew he deserved. He had to go all the way up to the Supreme Court. Simply because there were so many black civil rights cases trudging their way up to the Supreme Court at that time, many people didnt believe whole-heatedly that this case was going to be reviewed. Homer wrote his appeal and submitted it to the Supreme Court within days of the rulings in Louisiana. Homers appeal was reviewed by the Supreme Court, just as every other case is and it was thought to be a potentially grounds-setting case. A committee was assigned the case and reviewed Homers facts against Louisiana and vice-versa. The case was deemed appropriate by the committee so they proposed it to the rest of the Court. They all seemed to be on board, so they decided to see the case as soon as they could. This just happened to be a long time later; 1896 to be specific. The states had created a law that was known as the Separate but Equal Act, and this acted just like it sounded. It upheld the fact that black and white men and women were equal, but they must be separated in the public facilities. This included areas like bathrooms, restaurants and of course, trains. There were plenty more segregated areas that were specifically designated to black people or white people respectively, but these werent supposed to be what was on trial here. Rather than the Separate but Equal Act as a whole, what was supposed to be on trial here was the Separate Car Act. For Homer Plessy, this Separate Car Act was the least of his issues, and he knew that there was more to fight for than good seating in a train. He was fighting for true equality for all people of color, and starting with trains didnt seem like enough for him. He wanted to just end it all in one court case, and had big plans to fight the entire Separate but Equal Act, which was a large bite to chew. He gathered all of his facts and took them with him to D.C. His lawyer was all for supporting equality between races and genders, but he knew that this was a large law to be attacking with such a small base. Only having gone through the courts fighting against the Separate Car Acts meant a lot for this Supreme Court case. They would have to change many things about their approach and their plea. He couldnt support Homer in this endeavor, but what he could do was broaden the picture of their case. He was going for the Supreme Court to overrule the Separate but Equal Act, not among the entirety of the United States, but just within Louisiana. This would potentially set the precedent for further cases, and if they won this case, that precedent would push the equality agenda more than ever before. When the case was accepted by the Supreme Court, the public opinion was that this law should be upheld. There wasnt very much budge in the public eye, and the courts had all seen that. Juries were impossible to be chosen without some sense of prejudice and or hatred within it. This was a problem that had plagued this case. This made all of the juries biased, and because the public was always against him, Homer lost all of the juries votes as soon as they were selected. With that all behind him and a fresh new court without such elegances as a jury, Homer believed that this was his chance to change peoples minds for real. He didnt have to sway an entire jury, just the Supreme Court, who had shown a similar bias towards cases like this one. They had voted that separation in the school system in Alabama was legal, which is concurrent to the effect of this case. It was a ruling that allowed Separate but Equal to be voted through by each state individually. Since this ruling, many states in the south decided to apply Separate but Equal to their public facilities. Louisiana was one of the states that had extended the power and use of Separate but Equal to every possible situation. Even in restaurant seating and in the public drinking fountains. There was still a very obvious distinction between the quality of these areas as well. Every area that was specifically for the white people was treated well and kept up, while the areas that were black only were trashed and never cleaned. This was all that was going through the state, and there wasnt an area that they could all go to get away from it. Homer knew that this had to end here, so he fought and fought with his lawyer to help him destroy the precedent and set his own. Pleading like he was already in court, Homer begged and begged. In a surprise turn, Homers lawyer decided that it might actually be a good idea to broaden there plea on the court, and chase after that freedom that blacks were in dire need of. He figured that it would be a better way to show the brutality of the separation and the way that they were treated. If they could give examples of every situation that included the separation, it might tear through the hearts of the Justices. They were people after all. It would be hard to show them the pain that the black community had been going through with just a little train car incident. That was the least of their problems, and attacking that wouldnt work, they needed to show everything that had been tormenting them, and Homers lawyer knew exactly how. He wanted to show that there was legally no difference between black people and white people. There was no legal way to treat them different, simply because of their skin color. He wasnt trying to prove that they were the same, just equal. There shouldnt be a way to treat white people in court or in public, and a way to treat black people. In the system of laws that were in place at this time, it would have been completely acceptable to just deny someone service because they were black. Finally the case came along, which was an incredibly stressful but exciting experience for Homer. He was ready to prove his point that he shouldnt be treated so poorly, but that wasnt what was going to happen that day. He didnt know it yet, but the case had been laid out against them from the start. The precedents set before this case were so overwhelming that it would only take a shred of evidence that Homer was in the wrong, and it would be over. That is exactly what happened on that day. Homer went from being excited to prove his innocence and show the world that it was wrong to segregate based on skin color to being depressed about the fact that he failed to represent his people. The cases ruling came to be that it wasnt above the law to imply a legal distinction between peoples of different skin color. Despite the fact that this seemed to be in complete contrast with the 13th and 14th amendments of the constitution, it was ruled this way. Homer was a precedent setting case that sadly held firm until a very closer time to our own. The case that finally ended the segregation and the Separate but Equal Act was the Brown vs. Board of Education case of 1954. This ended the torment that black men and women had to live through for over 100 years.